Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility Management
Proposition preface and significance of organic coprolites, parcels and styles of medication of big and concentrated coprolites. herbage/ splint manuring. Soil organic matter, composition, parcels and influences of soil fertility, Humic substances – nature and parcels. Chemical diseases bracket, specification and parcels of major nitrogenous, phosphatic, potassic diseases, secondary & micronutrient diseases, Complex diseases, nano diseases Soil emendations, Fertilizer Storage, Fertilizer Control Order. History of soil fertility and factory nutrition. criteria of quiddity. Forms of nutrients in soil, part, insufficiency and toxin symptoms of essential factory nutrients, Mechanisms of nutrient transport to shops, factors affecting nutrient vacuity to shops. Soil fertility evaluation, Soil testing. Critical situations of different nutrients in soil. Indicator shops. styles of toxin recommendations to crops. Factor impacting nutrient use effectiveness( NUE), Integrated nutrient operation.
Practical
preface of logical instruments and their principles, Estimation of soil organic carbon, Estimation of available N in soils. Estimation of soil extractable P in soils. Estimation of interchangeable K; Ca and Mg in soils. Estimation of soil extractable S in soils. Estimation of DTPA extractable Zn in soils. Estimation of N in shops. Estimation of P in shops. Estimation of K in shops. Estimation of S in shops.
ORGANIC Coprolites- significance, DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION, parcels AND SOURCES- FORTIFIED ORGANICS
Coprolites are substances which are organic in nature, able of supplying factory nutrients in available form, big in nature, having the low logical value and having no definite composition and utmost of them are attained from beast and factory waste products.
• “ An organic toxin refers to a soil correction deduced from natural sources that guarantees, at least, the minimal probabilities of nitrogen, phosphate, and potash. ”
• nearly any organic material can be used as a toxin; still, accoutrements vary vastly in the attention of factory nutrients they contain and the rate which these nutrients are released for the factory use.
Bracket of organic toxin/ organic ordure/ ordure
A. Bulky organic ordure
1. Compost
a. vill compost b. Town compost( made from city waste products)
2. Farmyard ordure( FYM)
a. Cattle ordure b. Sheep penning c. Poultry ordure
3. Sewage and Sludge Green ordure( GM)
a. Leguminous factory
b.Non-leguminous factory
C. Oil cutlet Richest source of factory nutrients of all organic coprolites
1. Comestible cutlet( used for cattle feeding)
a. Mustard oil painting cutlet b. Groundnut oil painting cutlet c. Linseed oil painting cutlet
d. Sesame oil painting cutlet
2. Non-edible cutlet( used as coprolites)
a. Castor cutlet b. Neem cutlet c. Sunflower cutlet
D. Waste product of bloodbath house
1. Blood mess 2. Bone mess
E. Fish products Fish mess
F. Guano Material attained from the excreta and dead bodies of ocean catcalls
Effect of organic coprolites on soil productivity
They ameliorate the soil physical, chemical and natural parcels and in turn soil productivity.
A) Physical parcels
i) Organic manures ameliorate the soil structure, water holding capacity, summations and porosity.
ii) They decreases the bulk viscosity and soil contraction and improves the frangibility of soil
iii) Improves the aeration, water movement, hydraulic conductivity of soil.
iv) Decreases the soil temperature.
v) Prevents the face and subsurface crusting of soil.
B) Chemical parcels inventories all the essential nutrients
ii. Improves the CEC of soil and retains the mobile nutrients against filtering losses.
iii. Improves the buffering capacity of soil iv. Increases the colloidal parcels of soil. Solubilize the fixed nutrients and make them available to the crop.
C) Biological parcels Increases the exertion and population of microorganisms.
These microorganisms play an important part in the metamorphosis of added nutrients in soil.
ii. During the corruption of organic coprolites, so numerous organic acids and organic anions are formed. They act as chelating agents and contend with inorganic anions for their obsession spots and make the inorganic anions to be available.
iii. Increases the obsession of N by enhancing symbiotic andnon-symbiotic N fixing organisms.
iv. Solubilize the undoable P by cranking the P solubilising microorganisms. Organic manures force food for the soil micro andmacro-organisms.
Characteristics of Organic Coprolites
All these coprolites are big in nature as well as concentrated nature and force
( i) Factory nutrients in small amounts and
( ii) Organic matter in large quantities. Since it contains two factors( factory nutrients and organic matter), when it's applied into the soil it'll act as follows
Importance of Organic Coprolites
1. Organic manures force primary, secondary andmicro-nutrients to shops which are liberated in an available forms during the process of mineralization carried out by differentmicro-organisms.
2. Organic coprolites also supply organic matter to the soil and hence ameliorate the physical condition of the soil like soil structure, aeration, water holding capacity etc.
3. It also stimulates the exertion of different soilmicro-organisms through the force of energy.
4. It improves the buffering and exchange capacities of soil and also influences the solubility of soil minerals as well as mineral nutrients in soil.
5. It also forms chelates which also help for the nutrition of shops.
6. It also regulates the thermal administrations of the soil. Factors Affecting the Composition of Organic Coprolites
There are colorful factors which can affect the composition as follows
( i) Origin of Manure Sheep and flesh coprolites are kindly richer in factory nutrients than cow, steed and gormandizer coprolites.
ii) Types of Food Consumed by creatures This is one of the most important factors that determine the ordure quality. As for illustration, the richer the food in proteins, the richer will be the ordure in nitrogen.
( iii) Age and Condition of creatures The ordure of youthful creatures is n't so rich like that of progressed creatures because youthful creatures retain further nutrients for their growth than that of old or progressed bones
( iv) Species of creatures The composition of nutrient contents varies with the ruminant andnon-ruminant creatures.
( v) Nature and quantum of Litter The composition of FYM varies with the nature and quantum of waste used for creatures( e.g. paddy straws, wheat straws etc.)
📚 Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility
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