Fundamentals of Soil science
Fundamentals of Soil wisdom proposition Soil as a natural body, Pedological and edaphological generalities of soil; Soil birth soil forming jewels and minerals; riding , processes and factors of soil conformation; Soil Profile, factors of soil; Soil physical parcels soil- texture, structure, viscosity and porosity, soil colour, viscosity and malleability; soil taxonomical bracket and soils of India; Soil water retention, movement and vacuity; Soil air, composition, gassy exchange and factory growth, Soil temperature; source, quantum and inflow of heat in soil; effect on factory growth, Soil response- pH, soil acidity and alkalinity, buffering, effect of pH on nutrient vacuity; soil colloids inorganic and organic; silicate tones constitution and parcels; sources of charge; ion exchange, cation exchange capacity, base achromatism;.
Practical
Study of soil profile in field. Study of soil slice tools, collection of representative soil sample, its processing and storehouse. Study of soil forming jewels and minerals. Determination of soil viscosity, humidity content and porosity. Determination of soil texture by sense and Bouyoucos styles. Determination of soil pH and electrical conductivity. Determination of cation exchange capacity of soil. Determination of soil colour.
Soil description- Soil as a three dimensional natural body- pedological and edaphological generalities
SOIL wisdom IS “ The wisdom dealing with soil as a natural resource on the face of the earth, including Pedology( soil birth, bracket and mapping), physical, chemical, natural and fertility parcels of soil and these parcels in relation to their operation for crop product ”
Soil Science has six well defined and developed disciplines.
1. Soil fertility Nutrient supplying parcels of soil
2. Soil chemistry Chemical ingredients, chemical parcels and the chemical responses .
3.Soil drugs Involves the study of physical parcels
4. Soil microbiology Deals with micro organisms, its population, bracket, its part in metamorphoses . 5.Soil conservation Dealing with protection of soil against physical loss by corrosion or against chemical deterioration i.e inordinate loss of nutrients either natural or artificial means.
6. Soil Pedology Dealing with the birth, check and bracket Views on Soil( Science)
The term SOIL was deduced from the Latin Word “ SOLUM ” Means bottom For a nonprofessional soil is dirt or debris For an Agriculturist soil is a niche for factory growth( to grow crops) For a Mining mastermind soil is a debris covering the jewels For a Civil mastermind soil is a material on which road bed or house bed is formed For a Home proprietor soil is a mellow or earthy or hard material
Delineations
Generally soil refers to the loose face of the earth as linked from the original jewels and minerals from which it's deduced through riding process.
Whitney( 1892) Soil is a nutrient caddy which supplies all the nutrients needed for factory growth Hilgard( 1892) Soil is more or less a loose and brickle
material in which shops, by means of their roots, find a base for aliment as well as for other conditions of growth ”
Dokuchaiev( 1900) Russian scientist- Father of soil wisdom- Soil is a natural body composed of mineral and organic ingredients, having a definite birth and a distinct nature of its own.
Joffe( 1936) “ Soil is a natural body of mineral and organic ingredients discerned into midairs- generally loose- of variable depth which differs among themselves as well as from the underpinning parent material in morphology, physical makeup, chemical parcels and composition and natural characteristics ”.
Jenny( 1941) Soil is a naturally being body that has been formed due to concerted influence of climate and living organisms acting on parent material as conditioned by relief over a period of time.
Ruffin and Simonson( 1968) Soil is a admixture of Earth’s upmost mantle of survived gemstone and organic matter
Buckman and Bardy( 1969) Soil is a a dynamic natural body on the face of the earth in which shops grow, composed of mineral and organic accoutrements and living forms Soil Science Society of America( 1970)
i) Soil is the loose mineral matter on the face of the earth that has been subordinated to and told by inheritable and environmental factors of parent material, climate( including humidity and temperature goods), macro and microorganisms and geomorphology, all affecting over a period of time and producing a product, that's “ SOIL ” that differs from the material from which it's deduced in numerous, physical, chemical, natural and morphological parcels and characteristics.
ii) The loose mineral material on the immediate face of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land shops. W.E.H. Blum Soils not only serve for husbandry and forestry, but also for filtering, buffering and metamorphosis conditioning between the atmosphere and the ground water, guarding the food chain and drinking water against pollution and biodiversity As soil provides nutrients, water, air and harborage and supports life on Earth, it can be called as Soul Of horizonless Life( SOIL) Development of Soil Science
History of development of Soil Science Refer to books for details List of International Soil Scientists
1. Van Helmont( 1577 – 1644) 2. Theoder De Saussure 3. John Woodward 4. Boussingault( 1802 – 1882) 5. J.V. Liebig( 1803 – 1873) 6. J.B.Laws & J.H. Gilbert( 1855) 7. J.T.Way( 1856) 8. R.Warrington( 1876) 9. E.W. Hilgard( 1860) 10. V.V. Dokuchaiev( 1846- 1903) 11. K.D.Glinga( 1914) 12. C.F.Marbut( 1927) 13. Hens Jenny( 1941) Indian Scientists 1. J.W.Leather( 1906) 2. Madam Scholasky( 1932) 3. Wadia et al.( 1935) 4. Viswanath & Ukil( 1943)
Soil as a three dimensional body Soil is a three dimensional body having length, breadth and depth. They form a durability over the land face and differ in parcels from place to place. Its upper boundary is air or water and lower boundary is the gemstone lithosphere.
Composition of soil on volume base( Soil factors) Mineral matter
45 Organic matter 5 Soil water 25 Soil air 25
๐ Fundamentals of Soil science
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