Principles of Seed Technology PDF (HINDI,ENGLISH,BOOK,PPT,WORD,QUIZ)
Seed and seed technology preface, description and significance. Deterioration causes of crop kinds and their control; conservation of inheritable chastity during seed product, seed quality; description, Characters of good quality seed, different classes of seed. Foundation and pukka seed product of important cereals, beats, oilseeds, fodder and vegetables.
Cereals Wheat, rice, sludge, sludge and bajra beats Moth bean, mung, cowpea, pigeonpea, urd, gram, field pea Oilseeds Soybean, rapeseed and mustard, groundnut, sesame Fodder Berseem, lucerne and oats Vegetables Potato, cauliflower, tomato and chilli Seed spices and medicinal shops Cumin, coriander, fennel, fenugreek, isabgol
Seed instrument, phases of instrument, procedure for seed instrument, field examination. Seed Act and Seed Act enforcement. Duty and powers of seed inspector, offences and penalties. Seeds Control Order 1983.
Varietal Identification through Grow Out Test and Electrophoresis, Molecular and Biochemical test. Seed drying, processing and their way, seed testing for quality assessment, seed treatment, its significance, system of operation and seed quilting. Seed storehouse; general principles, stages and factors affecting seed life during storehouse. Measures for pest and complaint control during storehouse. Seed marketing structure and association, deals generation conditioning, promotional media. Factors affecting seed marketing, part of WTO and OECD in seed marketing.
Practical
Seed product in major cereals Wheat, Rice, Maize, Sorghum and Bajra. Seed product in major beats Urd, Mung, Cowpea, Pigeonpea, Lentil, Gram, Fieldpea. Seed product in major oilseeds Soybean, Rapeseed and Mustard, Groundnut. Seed product in vegetable crops & Seed spices.
Seed slice and testing Physical chastity, germination, viability, etc. Seed and seedling vigour test. inheritable chastity test Grow out test and electrophoresis. Seed instrument Procedure, Field examination, Preparation of field examination report. Visit to put in product granges, seed testing laboratories and seed processing factory.
Seed
matured ovule containing embryo Any part of factory has the capability to regenerate ‘ Embryo’, a living organism bedded in the supporting towel and a defensive fleece
SEED stands for any of the following
Seed of food crops including comestible oil painting seeds and seeds of fruits & vegetables. Cotton seeds Seeds of cattle fodder Jute seeds Seedlings, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, roots, slices, all types of grafts and other vegetatively propagated material for food crops( or) cattle fodder.
Characteristics of quality seed Genetically pure
Breeder seed- 100,
Foundation seed- 99.5,
pukka seed- 99
High pure seed chance-
All crops- 98, Bhendi- 99, Carrot- 95, Sesame, Soybean & jute- 98, Ground nut-- 98.0 Free from other crop seeds, reprehensible weeds & designated conditions Good shape, size, colour, etc
High physical soundness and weight High physiological vigour and stamina High life and shelf life Optimum humidity content for storehouse. LT--10-13 High request value
Significance of a good quality seed
Good quality seeds advanced yield( 10 – 12) Ensures inheritable and physical chastity of the crops Gives asked factory population suitable to repel the adverse conditions Seedlings- further vigorous, fast growing and repel pest and conditions Ensures invariant growth and maturity Effective root system- aids immersion of nutrients efficiently Events in seed development The important events involved in
seed development and development include
1. Pollination
2. Fertilization
3. Development of the fertilized ovule by cell division accumulation of reserve food material dehumidification.
Flower- Reproductive organ bearing pistil, stamen, sepals and petals. Androecium-manly part of a flower conforming of anther sac, anthers and pollen grains.
Gynoecium-womanish part of a flower conforming of ovary, style and smirch. Bisexual or hermaphrodite flower( perfect flowers) A flower with both functional joker and womanish organs. Dichogamy Male or womanish mature slightly at different times, which favours cross pollination. Protandry- joker matures first.
Protogyny- lady matures first.
Androgynous flowers( amiss flowers) Amiss flowers have either manly staminate flower) or womanish pistillate flower) part. When both type of flowers do in same factory is called monoecious, if they do in different shops is called dioceious.
tone- pollination Pollen grains are transferred from an anther to the smirch of the same flower – SP/ autogamy.
Cross pollination Pollen grains are transferred to the smirch of another flower – CP/ allogamy tone- pollination Chasmogamous - flowers do n't open before pollination.
Cleistogamous - flowers do n't open at all. Cross-fertilization Androgynous flowers – monoecious dioecious
Bisexual flowers – tone- sterility tone- incompatibility dichogamy herkogamy heterostyly Fertilization Ovules are developed in the womanish gametophyte and pollen in the manly gametophyte.
Fertilization always takes place in womanish gametophyte, thus pollen must transferred from manly to womanish by pollen vector
Pollen vector
• Abiotic - wind( anemophily) - water( hydrophily)
• Biotic - insects( entomophily) - batons( cheiropterophily)
Megasporogenesis( womanish gamete)
Seeds of Angiosperm appear from meristematic towel of the ovary wall called Ovule primordia. Within the nucellus, one cell known as Archesporial cell( 2n) develops a special specific that distinguishes it from the conterminous cells. It develops larger than the girding cells, having a large nexus and thick cytoplasm called Megaspore mama cell MMC).
MMC undergoes a meiotic division, giving rise to four megaspores, each containing a haploid chromosome set. Among the four cells one megaspore survive to give rise to an embryosac. Whereas other three aborts. Development of functional megaspore from MMC is called megasporogenesis. Megagametogenesis The nexus within the functional magaspore undergoes three consecutive divisions to form eight capitals.
Eight capitals are arranged as three antipodean cells at the chalazal end, two central polar capitals, one egg cell with two synergids at the micropylar end. Development of eight celled embryosac from the functional magaspore is called as magagametogenesis. Microsporogenesis( manly gamete) The microspore mama cell present in anther towel undergoes a meiotic division to form 4 haploid functional microspores. This is microsporogenesis. Microgametogenesis From microspore the pollen grains are developed. The pollen grain contains two cells. One is tube cell and another bone
is generative cell. Generative cell undergoes a division to form two sperm capitals. After landing on the smirch, the pollen grain germinates and pollen tube grows through the style. After covering the style, the pollen tube enters embryosac of the ovule through micropyle. Fertilization
