Fundamentals of Plant Pathology PDF (HINDI,ENGLISH,BOOK,PPT,WORD,QUIZ)

Preface significance of factory conditions, compass and objects of Plant Pathology. History of Plant Pathology with special reference to Indian work. Terms and generalities in Plant Pathology. Pathogenesis. Causes and bracket of factory conditions. Important factory pathogenic organisms, different groups fungi, bacteria, finical vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, contagions, viroids, algae, protozoa, phanerogamic spongers and nematodes with exemplifications of conditions caused by them. conditions and symptoms due to abiotic causes. Fungi general characters, physical structures, types of fungal thalli, fungal apkins, variations of thallus, reduplication( asexual and sexual). title, Binomial system of title, bracket of fungi( key to Domain to Phylum). Bacteria and mollicutes general morphological characters, reduplication and bracket of factory pathogenic bacteria. Contagions nature, structure and transmission. part of enzymes and poisons in complaint development. Defense medium in shops.

Nematodes General morphology, figure of bracket, symptoms and nature of damage caused by factory nematodes( Heterodera, Meloidogyne and Anguina).

Introduction

shops are the only advanced organisms that can convert the energy of sun into stored, usable chemical energy in carbohydrates, proteins and fats. All creatures including humans depends on these factory substances for survival. shops whether cultivated or wild grow and produce well as long as the soil provides them with sufficient nutrients, humidity, sufficient lights and temperature within a normal range. shops still also goes sick, grow and parade colorful types of symptoms and occasionally whole factory die. It is n't known whether diseased factory feel pain or discomfort. If a factory is looking different from its community also it's equal to be diseased bone

. Any biotic or abiotic agent which induce the complaint in factory is appertained as the cause of conditions. The causative agents of complaint in shops are pathogenic similar as fungi, bacteria. contagions, protozoa and nematodes and environmental conditions similar as lack or excess of nutrients, temperature, light etc. presence of poisonous chemical in air or soil Plant Pathology or Phytopathology It's a wisdom that deals with the study of conditions of shops, their development and control. Phytopathology Phyton = shops, Pathos = complaint, ensigns = wisdom.

Phytopathology :

A nonoperating process that's caused by nonstop vexation which results in some suffering- producing symptoms. The nonstop vexation may be brought about by living and non living factors( environmental) because of which the particular process in metabolic and catabolic exertion of factory cells is disintegrated leading to development of symptoms as a response to similar suffering. These may be brought about by exercising host cell content, by death of towel, redundant product of enzymes, poisons, growth controllers, loss of nutrition and hindrance in translocation of food, minerals & water. conditions for shops have been known since ancient time

Definitions.

Disease is defined as a disturbance in the metrical equilibrium in the conditioning of host in respect of structure or physiology or both, leading to the death of a part or entire host, or reduce the profitable value of the products.

Disease is a complex miracle, it's an commerce between the host, the pathogen and the terrain.

Disease is conking process caused by nonstop vexation, which results in some suffering producing symptoms.

A structural abnormality or physiological complaint or both due to an organism or inimical conditions that may affect the factory or its corridor or products or may reduce the profitable value. Factory conditions are caused by biotic agents like fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, phytoplasma, contagions, nematodes, unfolding spongers or by abiotic agents like inimical environmental conditions or nutritive scarcities. Study of factory pathology includes the study of mycology, nematology, protozology, phycology, inimical environmental factors, nutritive scarcities and unfolding factory spongers.

Branches of Plant Pathology

Microbiology Study of Micro organisms

Mycology Study of Fungi

Bacteriology Study of Bacteria

Virology Study of Contagions

Nematogy Study of Nematodes

Protozoology Study of Protozoa

Phycology Study of Algae

objects of Plant Pathology

Plant Pathology or Phytopathology is one among the branches of Agricultural lores that deals with cause, etiology, performing the losses and operation of factory conditions with following four major objects. Study the complaint( s) diseases caused by biotic and abiotic agents( s)

ii. Study the medium( s) of complaint development by Plant Pathogens.

iii. Study the commerce between factory and pathogen in relation to overall terrain.

iv. To develop suitable operation strategies for managing the conditions and losses caused by them. profitable significance of Plant conditions The factory conditions are veritably important because they causes enormous losses to the cultivated crop. The losses due to factory conditions accounts around 26 in field, storehouse and transportation.

1. Impact of factory conditions on population

The late scar of potato is a notorious illustration in history of factory pathology, the complaint assume epidemic proportion in Ireland in 1845 devastating the whole potato crop. The potato being the staple food of people & because of non vacuity of it, around 20 lakh people failed due to starvation & migration of population to other lands including North American mainland. Helminthosporium splint spot of rice devasted rice crop in west Bengal in India during 1942 thousands of people failed because of hunger & migrated to other part of country.

2. Change in Agri Pattern

The conditions like coffee rust in Ceylon had changed the frugality of country & shifting to other colony crop like tea. In 1885 there was epidemic of coffee rust in Ceylon which devasted the entire coffee, Due to the rust yield of coffee went down from 228 kg/ acre to 101 kg/ acre by 1878 & because of which by 1893 the coffee import of Ceylon reduced by 93 therefore making huge loss. The coffee rust came so Severe that Ceylon has to shift itself to civilization of tea.

3. Food Poisoning

The poisoning of food due to factory complaint is another wrong. There's death of people & beast due to consumption of defiled rye with ergot, which produces poison fetal to mortal beings & creatures.

📚 Fundamentals of Plant Pathology