Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture PDF (HINDI,ENGLISH,BOOK,PPT,WORD,QUIZ)
Green house technology preface, Types of Green Houses; Climate control in green house, Planning and design of green houses, Design criteria of green house for cooling and hotting purposes. Green house accoutrements , Accoutrements of construction for traditional and low cost green houses. Irrigation systems used in glasshouses Naturally voiced solar green house, High tech green house, Use of green house in drying. Concept and construction of low coverts. Use of shade net house in defended civilization. Important engineering parcels similar as physical, thermal dynamic aero & hydrodynamic of cereals, beats and oil painting seed. generalities of cleaning and grading. Drying and dehumidification humidity dimension, EMC, Drying proposition, colorful drying styles, marketable grain dryers( caddy teetotaler , charger teetotaler , fluidized bed teetotaler ,re-circulatory teetotaler and solar teetotaler ). Material handling outfit Conveyer and elevators, their principle, Working and selection.
INTRODUCTION TO PROTECTED CULTIVATION Topics Covered: Introduction to Protected Cultivation – Needs, Advantages and Limitations and Present Status – Protected Cultivation for Horticultural Crops
1.1 INTRODUCTION
India has a wide range of differentagro-climatic conditions, but vegetable civilization practices have generally been confined to indigenous and seasonal requirements. Although the product of vegetables has increased to a position of 93.9 million tonnes from an area of 6.3 million hectares( 2000- 01), but still the technology used and practices followed are generally traditional, performing in low productivity and inconsistent quality and volume of yield inventories to colorful requests in the country. In several corridor of the country, especially in northern plains, the soils are largely rich but axes of temperature, ranging from 0- 48 °C during the time do n't allow time round out-of-door vegetable civilization. also, in several corridor of the country biotic stresses substantially during stormy and post stormy season do n't allow successful product of vegetables like tomato, chillies, okra, sweet peppers, etc. in open fields.
As a result utmost of these vegetables are oppressively damaged by the prevalence of contagions. In upper rung of Himalayas, cool cate condition prevail where the temperature is extremely low(- 5 to-30 °C) during downtime season and utmost of the region remain cut off from rest of the country from November to March due to veritably heavy snowfall. thus, it's veritably delicate to grow vegetables in such a climate. In numerous countries like European countries, USA, Japan, China, Israel, Morocco, Turkey, etc. where climate prevents and reduces the choices for time round out door product, vegetables are being produced in defended surroundings. hothouse being the most effective means to overcome climatic diversity, hothouse vegetable product makes the use of recent advances in technology to control the terrain for maximizing crop productivity per unit area and adding the quality of vegetable yield. India has entered in to the period of hothouse vegetable civilization more lately and the aggregate are under defended vegetable product is n't further than 10,000 hectares. India being a vast country with different and extremeagro-climatic conditions, the defended vegetable civilization technology can be employed for time round and off – season product
defended civilization and Secondary husbandry
high value low volume vegetable crops, product of contagion free high quality seedlings, quality mongrel seed product and as a tool for complaint resistance parentage programmes. product of vegetables and flowers is significantly told by the seasonality and rainfall conditions. The extents of cornucopia and insufficiency in product cause considerable oscillations in the prices and quality of vegetables and flowers. Under open field civilization, while the other factors could be taken care of, it is n't possible to prompt control on the terrain around the factory. The factory's terrain can be specified by five introductory factors, videlicet, light, temperature, moisture, carbon dioxide and nutrients. The main purpose of defended civilization is to produce a favourable terrain for the sustained growth of factory so as to realize its maximum eventuality indeed in adverse climatic conditions. glasshouses, rain harbors, plastic coverts, mulches,
nonentity- evidence net houses, shade nets, etc. are used as defensive structures and means depending on the conditions and cost effectiveness. Besides modifying the factory's terrain, these defensive structures give protection against wind, rain and insects. defended civilization offers several advantages to produce vegetables and flowers of high quality and yields, therefore using the land and other coffers more efficiently. This becomes applicable to farmers in India who have small land holding, say lower than one hectare. They would be interested in a technology, which helps them to produce further crops each time from their land, particularly during off- season when prices are advanced. still, growing vegetables under defended conditions requires comparatively high input cost and good operation practices, which have direct bearing on the profitable viability of the product system. Indeed if the defensive structures are cost effective, proper planning, operation and attention to details are demanded to achieve maximum benefits. Growing vegetables and flowers under position-specific suitable structures may accrue substantial benefits indeed to small farmers.
DEFINITION
defended civilization is the revision of the natural terrain to achieve optimum factory growth. revision can be made to both the upstanding and root terrain to increase crops yields, extends the growing season and permit growth during ages of the time not generally used to grow field crops. defended civilization may also indicate comprehensive system of controlled environmental husbandry( CEA) in which all aspects of the natural terrain are modified for maximum factory growth and profitable return. Ham 311 defended civilization and Secondary husbandry( 1 1) Rajeswari and J. Ramachandran
PRESENT SCENARIO OF PROTECTED CULTIVATION
In general, protected structures are used to overcome low temperatures in temperate regions or high temperature in the countries having tropical climate. The need of defended structure directly depends upon the climate of the region, growing season and kind of crop to be grown. defended civilization technologies are being employed all over the world but the position and extent of their use may be different among different countries.
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