.Fundamentals of Agricultural Extension Education PDF (HINDI,ENGLISH,BOOK,PPT,WORD,QUIZ)
Part – I
Education: Meaning, definition & Types; Extension Education- meaning, definition, scope and process; objectives and principles of Extension Education; Extension Programme planning- Meaning, Process, Principles and Steps in Programme Development
Part-II
Extension systems in India: Extension efforts in Pre-independence era (Sriniketan, Marthandam, Firka Development Scheme, Gurgaon Experiment, etc.). Post-independence era (Etawah Pilot Project, Nilokheri Experiment, etc.); Various extension/ agriculture development programmes launched by ICAR/ Govt. of India (IADP, IAAP, HYVP, KVK, IVLP, ORP, ND,NATP, ATMA, NAIP, NARP, ATIC,RKVY, Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, Soil Health Card, NRLM etc.)
Part- III
New trends in agriculture extension: privatization extension, cyber extension/ e-extension, market-led extension, farmer-led extension, expert systems, etc.. Rural Development: Concept, meaning, definition; various rural development programmes launched by Govt. of India. T & V System, SGSY, ICDS, IRDP, NHM,MNREGA, Rajiv Ganghi Scheme for empowerment of Adolesenct girls / Boys, Gramin Bhandaran Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram yojana, Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas yojana,
Part- IV
Community Development- Meaning, definition, concept & principles, Philosophy of C.D, Panchayati Raj System. Extension administration: meaning and concept, principles and functions. Monitoring and evaluation: concept and definition, monitoring and evaluation of extension programmes; Transfer of technology: concept and models, capacity building of extension personnel.
EXTENSION EDUCATION
Extension-
Meaning The word extension is deduced from the latin roots' partner'- meaning' out' and' tensio' meaning' stretching'. Stretching out is the meaning of extension. The word' extension' came to be used firstly in USA during 1914 which means" a branch of a university for scholars who can not attend the university proper". In other words, the word extension signifies an out of academy system of education. Education is an integral part of extension.
The introductory conception of extension is that it is education. Extension means that type of education which is stretched out to the people in pastoral areas, beyond the limits of the educational institutions to which the formal type of education is typically confined. Education It's the product of desirable changes in knowledge( effects known), station( effects felt), and chops( effects done), either in all( or) one or further of mortal geste introductory delineations related to extension Extension education is an applied social wisdom conforming of applicable content deduced from physical, natural and social lores and in its own process synthesised into a body of knowledge, generalities, principles and procedures acquainted to givenon-credit out of academy education largely for grown-ups. - Paul Leagans( 1971).
Extension service refers to a program for agrarian development and pastoral weal which( generally) workers the extension process as a means of program perpetration. Extension process is that of working with pastoral people through out of academy education along those lines of their current interest and need which are nearly related to gaining a livelihood perfecting the physical position of living of pastoral families and fostering pastoral community weal. compass of Extension Education Extension appears to have unlimited compass in situations where there's need for creating mindfulness amongst the people and changing their geste by informing and educating them. Kelsey and Hearne( 1967) linked nine areas of programme emphasis, which indicate the compass of agrarian extension.
1. effectiveness in agrarian product.
2. effectiveness in marketing, distribution and application.
3. Conservation, development and use of natural coffers.
4. operation on the ranch and in the home.
5. Family living. 6. Youth development.
7. Leadership development. 8. Community development and pastoral area development.
9. Public affairs. Extension is an integral part of agrarian and pastoral development programmes in India. The progress in product which has been achieved in husbandry, horticulture, beast husbandry, veterinary, fishery, social forestry, sericulture etc., may be allowed of as commensurable to the strength of extension service of the applicable government departments.
The following statements will further amplify the compass of extension.
1. Extension is unnaturally a system of out- of- academy education for grown-ups and youths likewise. It's a system where people are motivated through a proper approach to help themselves by applying wisdom in their diurnal lives, in husbandry, home timber and community living.
2. Extension is education for all vill people.
3. Extension is bringing about desirable changes in the knowledge, stations and chops of people.
4. Extension is helping people to help themselves.
5. Extension is working with men and women, boys and girls, to answer their felt needs and wants.
6. Extension is tutoring through" literacy by doing" and" seeing is believing".
7. Extension is working in harmony with the culture of the people.
8. Extension is a two- way channel; it brings scientific information to vill people and it also takes the problems of the vill people to the scientific institutes for result.
9. Extension is working together( in groups) to expand the weal and happiness of the people with their own families, their own townlets, their own country and the world.
10. Extension is development of individualities in their day- to- day living, development of their leaders, their society and their world as a whole. The need for extension arises out of the fact that the condition of the pastoral people in general, and the ranch people in particular, has got to be bettered. There's a gap between what is the factual situation and what ought to be the desirable situation. This gap has to be narrowed down substantially by the operation of wisdom and technology in their geste
According to Supe( 1987) the experimenters neither have the time nor are they equipped for the job of prevailing the townies to borrow scientific styles and to ascertain from them the pastoral problems. also it's delicate for all the growers to visit the exploration stations and gain first hand information. therefore there's need for an agency to interpret the findings of the exploration to the growers and to carry the problems of the growers to probe of result. This gap is filled by the extension agency.
SOCIOLOGY AND pastoral SOCIOLOGY
Sociology Literally sociology means the study of the processes of fellowship and may be defined as the study on the base of social class. No description could entirely be satisfactory because of the diversity of perspective which is characteristic of the ultramodern discipline. still, the description for sociology according to colorful authors is given below for better and comprehensive understanding.
1. Sociology is the study of mortal beings in their group relations. As similar it studies the commerce within and between groups of people- Chitamber.
2. Sociology in its broadest sense may be said to be the study of relations arising from the association of living beings- Gillin and Gillin.
3. Sociology is the wisdom which attempts the illuminative understanding of social man- Max Weber. Sociology seeks to discover the principles of cohesion and order within the social structure, the ways in which it roots and grows within an terrain, the moving equilibrium of changing structure and changing terrain, the main trends of the ceaseless change, the forces which determine its directions as any time, the chimes and conflicts, the adaptations and mal adaptations within the structure as they're revealed in the light of mortal solicitations and therefore the practical operation of means to ends in the creative conditioning of social man.
📚Agricultural Extension Education
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