Communication skills and Personality Development PDF (HINDI,ENGLISH,BOOK,PPT,WORD,QUIZ)

Part – I

Communication: Meaning, definition and process of communication; verbal and nonverbal communication; principles and functions of communication, models and barriers to communication. Communication skills: listening, note taking, writing skills, oral presentation skills; field diary and lab record; indexing, footnote and bibliographic procedures. Reading and comprehension of general and technical articles, precise writing, summarizing, abstracting; individual and group presentations, impromptu presentation, public speaking; Group discussion. Organizing seminars and conferences. Soft Skills.

Part- II

Extension teaching methods: meaning, classification-individual, group and mass contact methods. ICT Applications in TOT (New and Social Media), media mix strategies; Diffusion and adoption of innovation: Meaning, concept, process, stages of adoption and adopter categories.

DEFINITION SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE

Origin

The world ‘Communication’ comes from the Latin word ‘communis’, meaning common. This implies that when we communicate, we are trying to establish ‘Commonality’ with someone through a message. Communication, then, is a conscious attempt to establish commonality over some idea, fact, feelings and the like, with others. In essence, it is a process of getting a source and a receiver tuned together for a particular message or a series of messages.

Defining Communication

Definitions of communication are many, but a few selected ones are given

a. ‘Communication is a process by which two or more people exchange ideas, facts, feelings, or impressions in ways that each gains a common understanding of meaning, intent and use of message. – Leagans (1961)

b. ‘Communication has as its central interest those behavioural situations in which a source transmits a message to a receiver(s) with conscious intent to affect the latter’s behaviour’. – Miller (1966)

c. Communication is the process by which the messages are transmitted from the source to the receiver. – Rogers (1983)

d. Communication is the process by which a source sends a message to a receiver by means of some channels in order to produce a response from the receiver in accordance to the intention of the source.

– IRRI Publication on Communication process, 1992.

An analysis of the above definitions reveals no complete agreement between social scientists on a single definition of communication. Thayar (1968) also lists several shortcomings of these definitions. Considering that communication is the most basic and earliest activity of the human organism, this appears rather astonishing. However, there is no cause for concern, as the lack of uniformity over a definition does not reflect a lack of understanding of the concept, nor does any definition change the laws of communication. In fact, communication is so diverse that any attempt to create a generally accepted definition becomes so profoundly involved that it hinders rather than helps in clarifying and understanding the subject.

Most of these definitions imply involvement of the actors over a message or content, some sort of interaction, by some commonly understood means, and with some effect. Analysis has also shown that several elements are involved in a communication encounter. Because of our interest in technology transfer, we can define “communication as a process by which extension workers individually, in a group or through a medium, exchange attitudes and share knowledge and /or skills on behalf of an organisation with farmers/ farm women, through such ways that each gains comprehension, understanding and use of the message”. This is a very limited view of the process of communication but will serve our purpose.

Agricultural communication

Agricultural communication is defined as a planned transfer of farm technologies from the research system to the farmers’ system through extension system and media with a view to make desirable changes in respect of higher productivity, profitability and prosperity and also get feed-back from the clients.

Scope of communication

a. Verbal: The researchers show that, on an average, a person spends about 70 percent of his active time on communicating verbally – listening, speaking, reading and writing. In other words each of us spend about 10 or 11 hours a day on verbal communication. Language is one of the codes we use to express our ideas.

b. Non-verbal: Non – verbal communication includes the gestures, facial expressions, movements of parts, etc., which make our communication more effective.

c. People communicate on many levels, for many reasons, with many people, and in many ways. A typical man on an average day may communicate in the following ways (the illustration is about an Agricultural officer):

i. He reaches his office and gets his mails – it is written communication.

ii. He receives a peon in the office who conveys to him that the ADO wants him in his office – it is spoken communication.

iii. When the clerk enters his office and greets him with a “Namaste, Sir” – it is spoken communication.

iv. He conducts a meeting of AAOs – it is group- communication.

v. When he comes back to his office and is engaged in thought about writing the report- it is self – communication.

vi. He goes through the reports from the AAOs – it is written communication again.

d. The word communication has become popular in management, in industry, in agricultural universities the extension services and advertisements. Newspapers, magazines, oratory, photography, journalism are markets for professional communicators. The market has been increased by the need for advertising and public relation experts, radio, television and film producers, audio-visual experts, etc.

e. Communication industry: Opinion seekers, attitude researchers and marketing researchers, etc., play their roles in the communication industry. On the basis of researches differentiations can be made between advertisements. The audio visual experts create the impact of the message on the audience.

f. Communication in management: In industrial management most of the time of the working day is spent in talking, giving information to subordinates, receiving information from top management and transmitting it to them. Meetings and interviewing increase the efficiency of workers and improve coordination. As automisation develops even the mere machine operator will spend more time in manipulating symbols.

g. Communication removes the time-lag: The accelelerated pace of research has made it more difficult for scientific, technical and operating personnel to keep abreast of recent developments. An extension worker in agriculture is outdated if he lacks communication about the latest researches on wheat, paddy, soyabean and other crops varieties, the use of fertilisers and the plant protection measures developed in the last five years. This necessitates in-service training, development of communication centres, extension directorates and other such agencies to keep them up-to date. Similarly the farmers have to be demonstrated the improved practices, given information through radio-programmes, supplied with literature which they can follow they have to be given the opportunities

📚 Communication skills