Diseases of Field & Horticultural Crops & their Management-I PDF (HINDI,ENGLISH,BOOK,PPT,WORD,QUIZ)
Field crops Rice Blast, brown spot, bacterial scar, jacket scar, khaira and tungro. Maize Stalk rots, splint scars and velvetlike mildews. Sorghum Grain soil and anthracnose. Bajra Downy mildew and ergot. Groundnut Tikka, collar spoilage and peanut clump contagion. Soybean Rhizoctonia scar and bacterial papule. Chump pea Sterility mosaic. Moong, urd and moth sap Web scar and unheroic mosaic. Castor Phytophthora scar and bacterial scar. Guar Bacterial scar and Alternaria scar. Sesamum Stem & root spoilage and phyllody. Cotton Wilt, root spoilage, bacterial scar and splint coil. Horticultural crops Guava Wilt and zinc insufficiency. Banana Panama wilt, Sigatoka and bunchy top. Papaya bottom spoilage, splint coil, ring spot and root knot. Pomegranate splint spots and Bacterial scar. Date win Graphiola splint spot. Coconut Root root, wilt, cadang cadang and cub spoilage. Tea Fester scar and red rust. Coffee Rust. Cucurbits Powdery mildew, mosaic, Choanephora spoilage and root knot. Brinjal Phomopsis scar and little splint. Tomato Damping off, bacterial wilt, early scar, splint coil and bed knot. Okra Yellow tone mosaic. gusto Rhizome spoilage. conditions of cotton and their operation
1. Fusarial wilt Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum
Symptoms
• Wilt is confined to black cotton soils with pH 7.6- 8.00. It's rare in light to gault soils.
• The complaint appears at all the stages of factory growth.
• In seedling stage, there's yellowing of cotyledons, browning of petioles, followed by death and falling of affected leaves.
• In youthful and adult shops, there's loss of turgidity, drooping of leaves and tender shoots, yellowing, browning and eventually death of the shops Etiology Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum Mycelium is septate, hyaline and intravascular. The fungus is facultative sponger and produces three types of spores,Micro-conidia, which are one or bicelled, oblong, hyaline and borne on short conidiophores,Macro-conidia are 3 to 6 celled, chlamydospores, which are hyaline, globular and thick walled. Mode of spread Primary infection takes place through soil borne inoculums. Secondary spread through seed and water borne conidia operation
• Field sanitation, crop gyration and blend cropping are useful for reducing the prevalence.
• Use of resistant kinds. G. arboreum and G. herbaceum are susceptible whereas G. hirsutum and G. barbedanse are vulnerable
• American kinds are resistant to wilt in India.
• Treat the acid- delinted seeds with Carboxin or Carbendazim at 4 g/ kg.
• Remove and burn the infected factory debris in the soil after deep summer ploughing during June- July.
• Apply increased boluses of potash with a balanced cure of nitrogenous and phosphatic diseases. • Apply heavy boluses of ranch yard ordure or other organic coprolites at 100t/ ha.
• Spot drench with 0.05 Benomyl or 0.1 Carbendazim.
2. Verticillium wilt Verticillium dahliae Symptoms
• It affects the crop in square and boll conformation stages
• Bronzing of modes followed by interveinal chlorosis, yellowing and scorching of leaves
• Leaves parade drying of splint perimeters and areas between modes known as “ Tiger stripe symptom ”
• Affected shops remain barren showing pinkish discolouration in stem and wood. It may produce lower bolls Etiology Verticillium dahliae The fungus produces hyaline, septate mycelium and two types of spores. The conidia are single celled, hyaline, globular to round, borne independently on verticillate condiophores. The micro sclerotia are globose to oblong, measuring 48- 120 X 26- 45um. Mode of spread The fungus also infects the other hosts like brinjal, chilli, tobacco and bhendi. The fungus can survive in the infected factory debris and in soils as micro sclerotia upto 14 times. The seeds also carry the micro sclerotia and conidia in the fuzz. The primary spread is through the micro sclerotia or conidia in the soil. The secondary spread is through the contact of diseased roots to healthy bones
and through dispersion of infected factory corridor through irrigation water and other tools.
Epidemiology
• Low temperature of 15- 20 ˚C,
• Low lying and ill- drained soils,
• Heavy soils with alkaline response
• Heavy boluses of nitrogenous diseases. operation
• Treat the delinted seeds with Carboxin or Carbendazim at 4 g/ kg.
• Remove and destroy the infected factory debris after deep ploughing in summer months( June- July). • Apply heavy boluses of ranch yard ordure or compost at 100t/ ha.
• Follow crop gyration by growing paddy or lucerne or chrysanthemum for 2- 3 times.
• Spot drench with 0.05 Benomyl or 0.1 Carbendazim.
• Grow complaint resistant kinds like Sujatha, Suvin and CBS 156 and tolerant variety like MCU 5 WT . Rootrot- Rhizoctonia solani Symptoms
• The pathogen causes three types of symptoms viz., seedling complaint, sore- thigh and root spoilage. • Growing seedlings and seedlings of one to two weeks old are attacked by the fungus at the hypocotyl and beget black lesions, girdling of stem and death of the seedling, causing large gaps in the field.
• In sore- thigh stage( 4 to 6 weeks old shops), dark sanguine- brown cankers are formed on the stems near the soil face, latterly turning dark black and factory breaks at the collar region leading to drying of the leaves and latterly the entire factory.
• The most prominent symptom is unforeseen and complete wilting of shops in patches. originally, all the leaves droop suddenly and die within a day or two. The affected shops when pulled reveal the rotting of entire root system except valve root and many laterals. The dinghy of the affected factory shreds and indeed extends above ground position. In poorly affected shops the woody portions may come black and brittle. A large number of dark brown sclerotia are seen on the wood or on the tattered dinghy. Etiology Rhizoctonia solani The fungal hyphae are septate and fairly thick and produce black, irregular sclerotia which measure 100 m in periphery. Mode of spread The complaint is substantially soil- borne and the pathogen can survive in the soil as sclerotia for several times. The spread is through sclerotia which are circulated by irrigation water, tools, and other artistic operations.
📚 Diseases Management-I
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| HINDI 1 | 📄 View PDF |
| HINDI 2 | 📄 View PDF |
| ENGLISH 1 | 📄 View PDF |
| BOOK 1 | 📄 View PDF |
| BOOK 2 | 📄 View PDF |
| BOOK 3 | 📄 View PDF |
| PPT 1 Rice | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 2 Rice | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 3 Maize | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 4 sorghum | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 5 sorghum | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 6 Pearlmillet | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 7 Groundnut | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 8 Pigeonpea and chickpea | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 9 Black gram and greengram | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 10 Castor | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 11 Sesame | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 12 cotton | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 13 Guava, papaya, Pomegranate | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 14 Banana diseases | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 15 Disases of Brinjal and Okra | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 14 Diseases of Tea | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 14 Diseases of Tomato | 📄 View PPT |
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