Field crops
Rice Blast, brown spot, bacterial scar, jacket scar, khaira and tungro. Maize Stalk rots, splint scars and velvetlike mildews. Sorghum Grain soil and anthracnose. Bajra Downy mildew and ergot. Groundnut Tikka, collar spoilage and peanut clump contagion. Soybean Rhizoctonia scar and bacterial papule. Chump pea Sterility mosaic. Moong, urd and moth sap Web scar and unheroic mosaic. Castor Phytophthora scar and bacterial scar. Guar Bacterial scar and Alternaria scar. Sesamum Stem & root spoilage and phyllody. Cotton Wilt, root spoilage, bacterial scar and splint coil.
Horticultural crops
Guava Wilt and zinc insufficiency. Banana Panama wilt, Sigatoka and bunchy top. Papaya bottom spoilage, splint coil, ring spot and root knot. Pomegranate splint spots and Bacterial scar. Date win Graphiola splint spot. Coconut Root root, wilt, cadang cadang and cub spoilage. Tea Fester scar and red rust. Coffee Rust. Cucurbits Powdery mildew, mosaic, Choanephora spoilage and root knot. Brinjal Phomopsis scar and little splint. Tomato Damping off, bacterial wilt, early scar, splint coil and bed knot. Okra Yellow tone mosaic. gusto Rhizome spoilage.
Disease- Wheat rusts
profitable significance-
Historically, India has witnessed several rust pandemics in history performing into heavy yield losses where the crop indeed fell suddenly of the volume of seed sown. Mehta estimated the loss of about 200 million rupees due to rusts’ damage of the wheat grain every time. The first stem rust epidemic record goes back to 1786 bulletin in central India. wide circumstance of splint rust was observed during 1971- 73 in popular cultivar Kalyansona in northern plains and during 1993- 94 in HD2285 and HD2329 covering roughly 4 million hectares in NEPZ. Sporadic high frequentness of stripe rust are recorded in some corridor of Punjab and lately in 2011 in north- western areas.
Black or stem rust- Puccinia graminis tritici
Alternate host- Berberislycium and Berberis vulgaris. Symptoms are produced on nearly all upstanding corridor of the wheat factory but are most common on stem, splint pods and upper and lower splint shells. Uredial papules( or sori) are round to spindle shaped and dark sanguine brown( rust) in color. They erupt through the epidermis of the host and are girdled by tattered host towel. The papules are fine in appearance due to the vast number of spores produced. Spores are readily released when touched.
Symptoms
As the infection advances teliospores are produced in the same papule. The color of the papule changes from rust color to black as teliospore product progresses.However, stems come weakened and lodge, If a large number of papules are produced. The pathogen attacks other host( barberry) to complete its life cycle. Symptoms are veritably different on this woody host. Other spores are spermagonia( Pycnia) produced on the upper splint face of barberry which appears as raised orange spots. Small quantities of honeydew that attracts insects are produced in this structure. Aecia, produced on the lower splint face, are unheroic. They're bell- shaped and extend as far as 5 mm from the splint face.
Brown or splint rust – Pucciniatriticina( P. recondita)
Alternate host- Thalictrumflavum Symptom The most common point for symptoms is on splint blades, still, pods, glumes and awns may sometimes come infected and parade symptoms. Uredia are seen as small, indirect orange pocks or papules on the upper face of leaves.
Symptoms
Orange spores are fluently dislodged and may cover apparel, hands or tools. When the infection is severe leaves dry out and die. Since inoculum is blown into a given area, symptoms are frequently seen on upper leaves first. As shops develop, the orange urediospores are replaced by black teliospores. papules containing these spores are black and candescent since the epidermis does n't rupture. Yield loss frequently occurs as a result of infection by Puccinia reconditef. sp.tritici. Heavy infection which extends to the flag splint results in a shorter period of grain filler and small kernels.
unheroic or stripe rust- Puccinia striiformis
Alternate host- Muehlengerbiahugeli Symptom substantially do on leaves than the splint pods and stem. Bright unheroic papules( Uredia) appear on leaves at early stage of crop and papules are arranged in direct rows as stripes. The stripes are unheroic to orange unheroic. The teliospores are also arranged in long stripes and are dull black in colour.
Symptoms
Pathogen The Pathogen. Pucciniagraminis. Pucciniagraminis is a macrocyclic, heteroecious rust fungus producing spermagonia and aecia on barberry and uredia and telia on wheat and other cereals and grasses.Theuredospores of rust pathogen are nearly round or round in shape and bright orange in colour. The teliospores are bright orange to dark brown, two celled and smoothed at the top. Sterile paraphyses are also present at the end of sorus.Rust fungi can overcome the effect of host resistance genes fleetly, and spores can disperse long distance by wind. Ug 99- fromUganda Diagnosing splint conditions in wheat complaint Spore colour
Symptoms
Plant part affected Stripe rust yellow/ orange Small nearly packed indirect papules during the vegetative stage, getting stripes along leaves of aged shops. Upper face of splint, splint pods, awns and inside glumes Leaf rust orange/ brown Random, indirect to round papules. Upper face of splint and splint pods Stem rust sanguine/ brown Random, oblong papules with torn perimeters. Both sides of splint, splint pods, stems and outside of head Favourable Conditions • Low temperature( 15- 20 ˚C) and high moisture during November – December favour black and brown rusts. • Temperature less< 10 ˚C favours unheroic rusts.
Disease cycle-
Development of Disease. In India, the inoculum survives in the form of uredospores teliospores in the hills during off season on tone- sown crop or levy hosts, which give an excellent source of inoculum. In India, part of alternate host( Barberis) is n't there in completing the life cycle. In 1933, late professor K. C. Mehta worked on the problem of periodic rush of rust in India and answered the riddle. He proved that the uredospore’s produced on the hills are responsible for the periodic rush of rust complaint in the plains of India. According to him
📚Diseases Management-II
| Title | View / Open |
|---|---|
| HINDI 1 | 📄 View PDF |
| HINDI 2 | 📄 View PDF |
| ENGLISH 1 | 📄 View PDF |
| BOOK 1 | 📄 View PDF |
| BOOK 2 | 📄 View PDF |
| BOOK 3 | 📄 View PDF |
| PPT 1 Diseases of wheat | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 2 Diseases of wheat | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 3 Diseases of sugarcane | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 4 Chick pea lentil sunflower | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 5 cumin | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 6 Diseases of mango | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 7 Diseases of citrus | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 8 iseases of grapevine | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 9 Diseases of apple | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 10 potato | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 11 onion | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 12 chilli | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 13 pea | 📄 View PPT |
| PPT 14 rose | 📄 View PPT |
| Word 1 | 📄 View Word |
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| Word 3 | 📄 View Word |
| QUIZ 1 | 📄 View QUIZ |
| QUIZ 2 | 📄 View QUIZ |