Introduction to Computers, Operating Systems, definition and types, Applications of MSOffice for document creation & Editing, Data presentation, interpretation and graph creation, statistical analysis, mathematical expressions, Database, concepts and types, uses of DBMS in Agriculture, World Wide Web (WWW): Concepts and components. Introduction to computer programming languages, concepts and standard input/output operations. e-Agriculture, concepts and applications, Use of ICT in Agriculture. Computer Models for understanding plant processes. IT application for computation of water and nutrient requirement of crops, Computer-controlled devices (automated systems) for Agri-input management, Smartphone Apps in Agriculture for farm advises, market price, postharvest management etc;
Geospatial technology for generating valuable agri-information. Decision support systems, concepts, components and applications in Agriculture, Agriculture Expert System, Soil Information Systems etc for supporting Farm decisions. Preparation of contingent crop-planning using IT tools
BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER
INTRODUCTION
A computer is a programmable machine designed to perform computation and logical operations automatically and successionally on the input given by the stoner and gives the wanted affair after processing. Computer factors are divided into two major orders videlicet tackle and software. tackle is the machine itself and its connected bias similar as examiner, keyboard, mouse etc. Software are the set of programs that make use of tackle for performing colorful functions.
OBJECTIVES
After going through this assignment you would be suitable to familiarise yourself with characteristics of computers identify the introductory factors of a computer explain the significance of colorful units of a computer separate between system software and operation software explain the significance of operating system get acquainted with open source appreciate the need of computer security
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTERS
The characteristics of computers that have made them so important and widely useful are speed, delicacy, industriousness, versatility and storehouse capacity. Let us bandy them briefly.
Computer and Office Applications
Speed Computers work at an inconceivable speed. A important computer is able of performing about 3- 4 million simple instructions per second. delicacy In addition to being presto, computers are also accurate. crimes that may do can nearly always be attributed to mortal error( inaccurate data, inadequately designed system or defective instructions programs written by the programmer) industriousness Unlike mortal beings, computers are largely harmonious. They do not suffer from mortal traits of tedium and frazzle performing in lack of attention. Computers, thus, are better than mortal beings in performing substantial and repetitious jobs. Versatility Computers are protean machines and are able of performing any task as long as it can be broken down into a series of logical way. The presence of computers can be seen in nearly every sphere – road/ Air reservation, Banks, hospices, Weather soothsaying and numerous further. Storage Capacity Today’s computers can store large volumes of data. A piece of information once recorded( or stored) in the computer, can noway be forgotten and can be recaptured nearly presently.
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
Computer System
Basic generalities of Computer 3 A computer system( fig. 1.1) consists of substantially four introductory units; videlicet input unit, storehouse unit, central processing unit and affair unit. Central Processing unit farther includes computation sense unit and control unit, as shown in Figure 1.2.
A computer performs five major operations or functions irrespective of its size and make. These are it accepts data or instructions as input, it stores data and instruction it processes data as per the instructions, it controls all operations inside a computer, and it gives results in the form of affair. Functional Units Input Unit This unit is used for entering data and programs into the computer system by the stoner for processing.
Basic computer Organization
Storage Unit The storehouse unit is used for storing data and instructions ahead and after processing. – – – – Dotted lines( – – – –) indicate inflow of instruction solid lines – – – – –) indicate inflow of data 4 Computer and Office Applications Affair Unit The affair unit is used for storing the affect as affair produced by the computer after processing. Processing The task of performing operations like computation and logical operations is called processing. The Central Processing Unit( CPU) takes data and instructions from the storehouse unit and makes all feathers of computations grounded on the instructions given and the type of data handed. It's also transferred back to the storehouse unit. CPU includes computation sense unit( ALU) and control unit CU) computation sense Unit All computations and comparisons, grounded on the instructions handed, are carried out within the ALU. It performs computation functions like addition, deduction, addition, division and also logical operations like lesser than, lower than and equal to etc. Control Unit Controlling of all operations like input, processing and affair are performed by control unit. It takes care of step by step processing of all operations inside the computer.
Memory
Computer’s memory can be classified into two types; primary memory and secondary memory
Primary Memory can be further classified as RAM and ROM. RAM or Random Access Memory is the unit in a computer system. It's the place in a computer where the operating system, operation programs and the data in current use are kept temporarily so that they can be penetrated by the computer’s processor. It is said to be ‘ unpredictable’ since its contents are accessible only as long as the computer is on. The contents of RAM are no more available once the computer is turned off. Basic generalities of Computer 5 ROM or Read Only Memory is a special type of memory which can only be read and contents of which are not lost indeed when the computer is switched off. It generally contains manufacturer’s instructions. Among other effects, ROM also stores an original program called the ‘ bootstrap haul’ whose function is to start the operation of computer system once the power is turned on.
Secondary Memory RAM is unpredictable memory having a limited storehouse capacity. Secondary/ supplementary memory is storehouse other than the RAM. These include bias that are supplemental and are connected and controlled by the computer to enable endless storehouse of programs and data. Secondary storehouse bias are of two types; glamorous and optic. glamorous bias include hard disks and optic storehouse bias are CDs, DVDs, Pen drive, Zip drive etc. Hard Fragment 1.3 Hard Fragment Hard disks are made up of rigid material and are generally a mound of essence disks sealed in a box. The hard fragment and the hard fragment drive live together as a unit and is a endless part of the computer where data and programs are saved. These disks have storehouse capacities ranging from 1 GB to 80 GB and further. Hard disks are rewritable.
๐ Agri-Informatics
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