Landscaping PDF (HINDI,ENGLISH,BOOK,PPT,WORD,QUIZ)

 

Landscaping PDF (HINDI,ENGLISH,BOOK,PPT,WORD,QUIZ)

 Significance and  compass of landscaping. Principles of landscaping,  theater  styles and types,  sundeck gardening,  perpendicular gardening,  theater   factors,  doodads, rockery, water  theater , walk- paths, islands, other constructed features etc.  auditoriums  for special purposes. Trees selection, propagation, planting schemes,  cover  operation, shrubs and herbaceous perennials selection, propagation, planting schemes, armature. Rambler and creepers  significance, selection, propagation, planting, Annuals selection, propagation, planting scheme, Other  theater   shops triumphs, ferns, meadows and cacti succulents and shade loving  shops. Pot  shops selection, arrangement,  operation. Bio-aesthetic planning  description, need, planning; landscaping of civic and  pastoral areas,Peri-urban landscaping( roof  theater ), Landscaping of  seminaries, public places like  machine station,  road station, townships, swash banks, hospitals, play grounds,  airfields,  diligence, institutions. Bonsai principles and  operation, field establishment and  conservation. CAD  operation.  

Practical  

Identification of trees, shrubs, annuals, pot  shops; Propagation of trees, shrubs and annuals, care and  conservation of  shops, shrubs and trees, replanting and repotting, identification of tools and  tools used in  geography design, training and pruning of  shops for special  goods, field establishment and  conservation, layout of formal  auditoriums , informal  auditoriums , special type of  auditoriums ( sunken  theater ,  sundeck  theater ,  gemstone  theater ) and designing of glasshouse
             and lath house. Use of computer software, visit to important  auditoriums   premises  institutes.  

HISTORY, IMPORTACE AD SCOPE OF GARDEIG

History of gardening in India  The history of methodical  gardening in India is as old as civilization of Indus of  Harappan which  was between 2500 B.C and 1750 B.C. During the period, people were  living  by well- planned  residences. Harappan pots were generally decorated with the design of  trees. In every  vill, trees including Ficus religiosa( pipal) and F. bengalensis( banyan)  were planted for  deification as well as for shade.  Aryans came to India in 1600 B.C. They were  erudite people and brought with them  the four Vedas viz., Rig Veda, Artharva Veda, Yuzur Veda and Sam Veda and the Puranas.  They appreciated the beauty of  unfolding  shops, lakes, mountains,  timbers, etc., and named  their children after flowers like Kamal, Champa, Bela, Chameli, Rukmani, etc., Detailed  account of the status of gardening at that time has been presented in Ramayana written by  Valmiki. Ayodhya  megacity was described as having wide  thoroughfares, large houses,  plushly decorated   tabernacles and  auditoriums . These  auditoriums  were planted with fruit trees and flowering  shops and  had lakes full of lotus( elumbo sp.) and different kinds of  catcalls. During exile, lord Rama  and Sita are believed to have observed a number of trees and were fascinated by beautiful  flowers. One  similar tree was Ashoka( Saraca indica).  Another  grand ‘ Mahabharat’ written by saint Vyasa also mentions about  auditoriums .  During the Mahabharat  period, pleasure  auditoriums  were planted with flowering  shops. The  notorious  tree of this  period was Kadamba( Anthocephalus cadamba), which is associated with lord  Krishna. The great  minstrel Kalidas has described the  multitudinous flowering  shops of that  period in a  number of his books. In ‘ Kumar Sambhav’ trees like Ashoka, Kalpvriksha, Shirish flower,  Butea monosperma, parijatham( yctanthes arbotristis), Mimusops elengi, lotus and lilies  have been mentioned.  The association of different trees with the life of Lord Buddha is well known.  Buddha was born in 563 B.C. His birth is believed to have taken place under the Asoka tree  Saraca indica). Further, Buddha attained his enlightenment under a Pipal tree, spread his  new  training under shady banyan and mango trees and breathed his last in a Sal( Shorea  robusta) grove.Www.HortiAgri.Com  The great Emperor Asoka( 264- 227 B.C.)  espoused arboriculture as one of his state   programs. He encouraged the planting of avenue trees. His son Prince Mahendra took a   slice of the Bodhi tree( Ficus religiosa) from India and planted it at Anuradhapur in Sri  Lanka( 250 B.C.).  In the  workshop of Kalidasa during the rule of Chandragupta II, we find the  citation of  several flowering trees including the Asoka tree( Saraca asoka), Kadamba( Anthocephalus  cadamba), Arjuna( Terminalia arjuna), Butea monosperma, Parijatha( yctanthes arbortristis),  Bauhinia variegata, Mimusops elengi, Albizzia lebbek and screwpine. The creeper  ‘ Madhavi latha’( Hiptage madablata)  enthralled a prominent place in his play ‘ Sakuntala’. In  the same play we find the  citation of pleasure  auditoriums . In Meghduta he describes the  women of Alakapuri to have used Kadamba flowers to  embellish their hair in the thunderstorm  and carried pink lotuses in their arms.  The  notorious  minstrel Bhana Bhatta describes a number of  unfolding  shops including the  Banyan, Sal, Champaka,  honey of the  timber, Mimusops elengi, Kadamba, Ashoka and the  Indian coral in his  notorious book ‘ Harsh Charita’.  Vatsayana( 300- 400 bulletin) in his book ‘ Kamasutra’ gives a  regard of the  joyous communal  

life of that period. He narrates four kinds of  auditoriums   

1. Pramododyan meant for the enjoyment of the royal couples  
2. Udyan where the  lords played chess, enjoyed the balls of the maids and  jokes of the court jesters  
3. Brikshavatika the  theater  where high- placed persons in the king’s court  enjoyed life with  drabs  
4. andavana which was  devoted to Lord Krishna.  

Gardening during Mughal  period  

Among the Mughal emperors, Babar had high aesthetic sense and was fond of   auditoriums  and he made  auditoriums  at Panipat and Agra. Aram Bagh at Agra is still being well  maintained by the Archeological Department. Mughal  auditoriums  are synonymous with formal  style of gardening. The square or blockish flower beds are special features of MughalWww.HortiAgri.Com   auditoriums . Another important  donation was the  preface of  fantastic   shops like cypress,  rose, carnation, narcissus, daffodils, lilies, tulips, etc.,  Some of the  notorious  auditoriums  established by the Mughal autocrats are listed below.  Mughal Emperor auditoriums established  Akbar Fatehpur  theater , Sikri( Agra)  Tomb  theater , Sikandra( Agra)  Jahangir Shalimar, Acbhalbal, Varinag( Kashmir)  Itmad- ud- Daulah( Agra)  Dilkusha  theater , Lahore  Shan Jahan Shalimar, Lahore  Tai Mahal, Red Fort, Agra  Red Fort, Delhi  Fadai Khan Pinjore  theater , Pinjore  Gardening during British  period  During the British period, there was a lot of  exertion in gardening by Britishers and  Indian lords. Making of herbaceous borders and meadows gained  instigation during the British   period. Concentrated  sweats were initiated to ameliorate the gardening in three ways,  videlicet 
📚 Landscaping

📚 Landscaping

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