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Landscaping PDF (HINDI,ENGLISH,BOOK,PPT,WORD,QUIZ)
Significance and compass of landscaping. Principles of landscaping, theater styles and types, sundeck gardening, perpendicular gardening, theater factors, doodads, rockery, water theater , walk- paths, islands, other constructed features etc. auditoriums for special purposes. Trees selection, propagation, planting schemes, cover operation, shrubs and herbaceous perennials selection, propagation, planting schemes, armature. Rambler and creepers significance, selection, propagation, planting, Annuals selection, propagation, planting scheme, Other theater shops triumphs, ferns, meadows and cacti succulents and shade loving shops. Pot shops selection, arrangement, operation. Bio-aesthetic planning description, need, planning; landscaping of civic and pastoral areas,Peri-urban landscaping( roof theater ), Landscaping of seminaries, public places like machine station, road station, townships, swash banks, hospitals, play grounds, airfields, diligence, institutions. Bonsai principles and operation, field establishment and conservation. CAD operation.
Practical
Identification of trees, shrubs, annuals, pot shops; Propagation of trees, shrubs and annuals, care and conservation of shops, shrubs and trees, replanting and repotting, identification of tools and tools used in geography design, training and pruning of shops for special goods, field establishment and conservation, layout of formal auditoriums , informal auditoriums , special type of auditoriums ( sunken theater , sundeck theater , gemstone theater ) and designing of glasshouse
and lath house. Use of computer software, visit to important auditoriums premises institutes.
HISTORY, IMPORTACE AD SCOPE OF GARDEIG
History of gardening in India The history of methodical gardening in India is as old as civilization of Indus of Harappan which was between 2500 B.C and 1750 B.C. During the period, people were living by well- planned residences. Harappan pots were generally decorated with the design of trees. In every vill, trees including Ficus religiosa( pipal) and F. bengalensis( banyan) were planted for deification as well as for shade. Aryans came to India in 1600 B.C. They were erudite people and brought with them the four Vedas viz., Rig Veda, Artharva Veda, Yuzur Veda and Sam Veda and the Puranas. They appreciated the beauty of unfolding shops, lakes, mountains, timbers, etc., and named their children after flowers like Kamal, Champa, Bela, Chameli, Rukmani, etc., Detailed account of the status of gardening at that time has been presented in Ramayana written by Valmiki. Ayodhya megacity was described as having wide thoroughfares, large houses, plushly decorated tabernacles and auditoriums . These auditoriums were planted with fruit trees and flowering shops and had lakes full of lotus( elumbo sp.) and different kinds of catcalls. During exile, lord Rama and Sita are believed to have observed a number of trees and were fascinated by beautiful flowers. One similar tree was Ashoka( Saraca indica). Another grand ‘ Mahabharat’ written by saint Vyasa also mentions about auditoriums . During the Mahabharat period, pleasure auditoriums were planted with flowering shops. The notorious tree of this period was Kadamba( Anthocephalus cadamba), which is associated with lord Krishna. The great minstrel Kalidas has described the multitudinous flowering shops of that period in a number of his books. In ‘ Kumar Sambhav’ trees like Ashoka, Kalpvriksha, Shirish flower, Butea monosperma, parijatham( yctanthes arbotristis), Mimusops elengi, lotus and lilies have been mentioned. The association of different trees with the life of Lord Buddha is well known. Buddha was born in 563 B.C. His birth is believed to have taken place under the Asoka tree Saraca indica). Further, Buddha attained his enlightenment under a Pipal tree, spread his new training under shady banyan and mango trees and breathed his last in a Sal( Shorea robusta) grove.Www.HortiAgri.Com The great Emperor Asoka( 264- 227 B.C.) espoused arboriculture as one of his state programs. He encouraged the planting of avenue trees. His son Prince Mahendra took a slice of the Bodhi tree( Ficus religiosa) from India and planted it at Anuradhapur in Sri Lanka( 250 B.C.). In the workshop of Kalidasa during the rule of Chandragupta II, we find the citation of several flowering trees including the Asoka tree( Saraca asoka), Kadamba( Anthocephalus cadamba), Arjuna( Terminalia arjuna), Butea monosperma, Parijatha( yctanthes arbortristis), Bauhinia variegata, Mimusops elengi, Albizzia lebbek and screwpine. The creeper ‘ Madhavi latha’( Hiptage madablata) enthralled a prominent place in his play ‘ Sakuntala’. In the same play we find the citation of pleasure auditoriums . In Meghduta he describes the women of Alakapuri to have used Kadamba flowers to embellish their hair in the thunderstorm and carried pink lotuses in their arms. The notorious minstrel Bhana Bhatta describes a number of unfolding shops including the Banyan, Sal, Champaka, honey of the timber, Mimusops elengi, Kadamba, Ashoka and the Indian coral in his notorious book ‘ Harsh Charita’. Vatsayana( 300- 400 bulletin) in his book ‘ Kamasutra’ gives a regard of the joyous communal
life of that period. He narrates four kinds of auditoriums
1. Pramododyan meant for the enjoyment of the royal couples
2. Udyan where the lords played chess, enjoyed the balls of the maids and jokes of the court jesters
3. Brikshavatika the theater where high- placed persons in the king’s court enjoyed life with drabs
4. andavana which was devoted to Lord Krishna.
Gardening during Mughal period
Among the Mughal emperors, Babar had high aesthetic sense and was fond of auditoriums and he made auditoriums at Panipat and Agra. Aram Bagh at Agra is still being well maintained by the Archeological Department. Mughal auditoriums are synonymous with formal style of gardening. The square or blockish flower beds are special features of MughalWww.HortiAgri.Com auditoriums . Another important donation was the preface of fantastic shops like cypress, rose, carnation, narcissus, daffodils, lilies, tulips, etc., Some of the notorious auditoriums established by the Mughal autocrats are listed below. Mughal Emperor auditoriums established Akbar Fatehpur theater , Sikri( Agra) Tomb theater , Sikandra( Agra) Jahangir Shalimar, Acbhalbal, Varinag( Kashmir) Itmad- ud- Daulah( Agra) Dilkusha theater , Lahore Shan Jahan Shalimar, Lahore Tai Mahal, Red Fort, Agra Red Fort, Delhi Fadai Khan Pinjore theater , Pinjore Gardening during British period During the British period, there was a lot of exertion in gardening by Britishers and Indian lords. Making of herbaceous borders and meadows gained instigation during the British period. Concentrated sweats were initiated to ameliorate the gardening in three ways, videlicet
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