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Farming System & Sustainable Agriculture PDF (HINDI,ENGLISH,BOOK,PPT,WORD,QUIZ)
Tilling System- compass, significance, and conception, Types and systems of husbandry system and factors affecting types of husbandry, husbandry system factors and their conservation, Cropping system and pattern, multiple cropping system, Effective cropping system and their evaluation, Allied enterprises and their significance, Tools for determining product and edge in cropping and tilling system; Sustainable husbandry- problems and its impact on husbandry, pointers of sustainability, adaption and mitigation, conservation husbandry strategies in husbandry, HEIA, LEIA and LEISA and its ways for sustainability,
Integrated husbandry system
literal background, objects and characteristics, factors of IFS and its advantages, point specific development of IFS model for differentagro-climatic zones, resource use effectiveness and optimization ways, Resource cycling and inflow of energy in different husbandry system, tilling system and terrain, Visit of IFS model in differentagro-climatic zones of near countries University institutes and growers field. One of the main objects in the Integrated Farming System is recovering of produces wastes among the factors involved. The end product of similar recycled accoutrements are used as organic coprolites for crop shops. Some of the products are bettered in their quality on recycling and therefore it provides double benefit to the planter. A judicious blend of one or further enterprises with cropping, complements each enterprise through effective recycling of waste/ remainders. At present the voids are being employed for energy and as FYM/ compost. When reclaimed through biogas unit, there's good possibility to ameliorate the organic source of nutrients piecemeal from generation of energy energy where tapping of reactionary energy is getting depleted. piecemeal from the major nutrients there's good quantum of improvement in the vacuity of secondary and trace rudiments. By virtue of relinquishment of one of the ultramodern agrarian technology viz., Integrated Farming System( IFS) in the ranch exertion, there's a possibility of perfecting untapped eventuality of each and every yield by recovering with binary benefits. Agrarian ecosystem oragro-ecosystem It's composed of the total complex of the crops and creatures in an area together with overall terrain and as modified by operation practices.
Crop ecosystems
Cropping systems ranging between monoculture andmulti-species culture of field and gardenland crops, single or combination and their relation to environmental conditions and operation practices. Cropping systems The cropping patterns used on a ranch and their commerce with ranch coffers, other ranch enterprises and available technology, which determine their make up. Cropping pattern Monthly sequence and spatial arrangement of crops, and crops and free on a given area is appertained as cropping pattern( generally representing larger geography like quarter, delta region and state). Cropping scheme The periodic ranch plan according to which crops are raised on individual plots of a ranch, with an ideal of achieving the maximum returns from each crop without injuring fertility of the soil. husbandry It's the process of cultivating crops, rearing beast and fish etc. husbandry systems husbandry systems represent an applicable combination of ranch enterprises, viz. cropping systems, beast, fisheries, forestry, flesh and the means available to the planter to raise them for profitability. It interacts adequately with the terrain without moving the ecological and socio- profitable balance on one hand and attempts to meet the public pretensions on the other. Wet land husbandry It's the husbandry where crop product is successful when macro and micro pores of the soil are filled with humidity. E.g. rice Irrigated husbandry Crop product depends on artificial operation of water( at right time, at right volume and at right place) to meet the crop water demand.
Dry land husbandry
It's the husbandry or crop product where soil humidity vacuity is limited. Rainfed husbandry Growing of field crops entirely with rain water entered during crop season( downfall generally> 800 mm) under sticky andsub-humid climates and the crops may face little or no humidity stress during their life- cycle Sustainable husbandry Sustainable husbandry should involve the successful operation of coffers for husbandry to satisfy changing mortal requirements while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the terrain and conserving natural coffers. washes Irrigated tableland is called as washes.
Characteristics of washes
• plenitude/ riotous vacuity of water • Soils are typically complexion grounded • Fields are generally leveled • Low corrosion hazards • Moderate to high essential soil fertility • Poor physical parcels • Have drainage problem Rice grounded cropping systems The cropping system espoused under tableland condition can be grouped into
1. All rice crop grounded cropping sequence 1. Rice- Rice 2. Rice- Rice- Rice 2. Rice- Irrigated dryland crop sequence
1. Rice- Cotton 2. sludge/ palpitation- Rice- Groundnut 3. Green ordure- Rice- palpitation Possible husbandry systems in swamp ecosystem • Crop Fish Flesh • Crop Fish Duck • Crop Fish Chump • Crop Fish Flesh/ chump mushroom • Crop Fish Mushroom • Crop Fish gormandizer Mushroom • Crop Fish Goat Garden land( rinsed highland) Irrigated highlands are else called as theater lands in Tamil Nadu.
Characteristics of theater lands
• Soils are substantially well drained • Soils ranging from flaxen gault to complexion gault in texture • Need grounded irrigation is rehearsed to crops • ferocious civilization is prevailed • Choice of crops are wide • Well developed soil physical parcels • Soil fertility is moderate • Fields are levelled with asked pitch • Size of the field is small to medium • Actuality of well developed irrigation structures • humidity position in the micropores is controlled Possible husbandry systems in theater land ecosystem • Crop Dairy Biogas • Crop Dairy Biogas Sericulture • Crop Dairy Biogas Fishery • Crop Dairy Biogas Homestead theater Sylvipasture • Crop Dairy Biogas Homestead theater Silviculture Apiculture. • Crop Dairy Biogas generate product Mushroom • Crop Dairy Biogas generate product Mushroom Silviculture
๐ Farming System & Sustainable Agriculture
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