Farm Management, Production & Resource Economics PDF (HINDI,ENGLISH,BOOK,PPT,WORD,QUIZ)
Farm management:Meaning and conception, objects and relationship with other lores. Meaning and description of granges, its types and characteristics, factor determining types and size of granges. Principles of ranch operation conception of product function and its type, use of product function in decision- making on a ranch, factor- product, factor- factor and product- product relationship, law of equi-borderline/ or principles of occasion cost and law of relative advantage. Meaning and conception of cost, types of costs and their interaction, significance of cost in managing ranch business and estimation of gross ranch income, net ranch income, family labor income and ranch business income.
Farm business analysis meaning and conception of ranch income and profitability, specialized and profitable effectiveness measures in crop and beast enterprises. significance of ranch records and accounts in managing a ranch, colorful types of ranch records demanded to maintain on ranch, ranch force, balance distance, profit and loss accounts. Meaning and significance of ranch planning and budgeting, partial and complete budgeting, way in ranch planning and budgeting-direct programming, appraisal of ranch coffers, selection of crops and beast’s enterprises. Concept of threat and query occurs in husbandry product, nature and sources of pitfalls and its operation strategies, generalities of resource economics, differences between NRE and agrarian economics, unique parcels of natural coffers. Positive and negative externalities in husbandry, Inefficiency and weal loss, results, Important issues in economics and operation of common property coffers of land, water, pasturage and timber coffers etc.
INTRODUCTION TO FARM MANAGEMENT
Farm business operation has assumed lesser significance not only in developed and marketable husbandry all round the world but also in developing and subsistence type of husbandry. A ranch director must n't only understand different styles of agrarian product, but also he must be concerned with their costs and returns. He must know how to allocate scarce productive coffers on the ranch business to meet his pretensions and at the same time reply to profitable forces that arise from both within and outside the ranch.
The need for managing an individual ranch arises due to the following reasons
i) growers have the binary objects, viz., maximization of ranch profit and enhancement of standard of living of their families.
ii) The means available to achieve the objects, i.e., the factors of product, are scarce in force.
iii) The ranch profit is told by natural, technological, social, profitable, political and institutional factors.
iv) The coffers or factors of product can be put to indispensable uses. ranch operation is concerned with resource allocation. On one hand, a planter has a set of ranch coffers similar as land, labour, ranch structures, working capital, ranch accoutrements , etc. that are fairly scarce. On the other hand, the planter has a set of pretensions or objects to achieve may be maximum family satisfaction through adding net ranch income and employment generation. In between these two ends, the planter himself is with a specific degree of capability and mindfulness. This gap is bridged by taking a series of rational opinions in respect of ranch coffers having indispensable uses and openings. The study of ranch operation would be useful to conduct knowledge and skill for optimizing the resource use and maximizing the profit. The ensuing delineations would throw light on the meaning of ranch operation
A. DEFINITIONS
ranch means a piece of land where crop and beast enterprises are taken up under a common operation and has specific boundaries. All ranch operation economists can be distributed into three groups on the base of whether they consider ranch operation as an art, wisdom or business. The first group of ranch operation economists comprising of Andrew Boss, H.C.Taylor and L.C. Gray viewed ranch operation as “ an art of association and operation of the ranch successfully as measured by the test of profitableness ”. The alternate group comprising of G.F. Warner and J.N. Effersen considered ranch operation “ as a wisdom of association and operation of the ranch enterprises for the purpose of securing the maximum profit on a nonstop base ”. The third group of economists like L.A. Moorehouse and W.J. Spillman defined ranch operation “ as a study of the business phase of husbandry ”. The most respectable description of ranch operation is given below Farm Management is a wisdom that deals with the association and operation of a ranch as a establishment from the point of view of nonstop maximum profit harmonious with the family weal of the planter. therefore, in an terrain where a planter solicitations to achieve objects like profit maximization and enhancement of family standard of living with a limited stock of factors of product which can be put to indispensable uses, ranch operation in an essential tool.
FARM MANAGEMENT DECISIONS
Farmers must be suitable to take applicable opinions at applicable time. Incorrect judgement and opinions would affect in the failure of prosecution of ranch plan and in turn profitable loss. The ranch operation opinions can be astronomically distributed into two ways.
i) The first system of groups is according to the following criteria
a) significance, b) frequence, c) menace, d) Revocability and e) Alternatives available. Each of the below criteria is bandied compactly.
a) Importance Farm operation opinions vary as to the degree of significance measured generally through the magnitude of profit or loss involved. For illustration, a decision to engage in flesh is fairly more important than a decision regarding the type and position of flesh chalet.
b) frequence numerous opinions assume significance on the ranch because of their high frequence and repetitious nature. The decision about what and how important to feed to the dairy creatures is made more constantly than that regarding the system or time of harvesting of paddy.
c) menace It refers to the penalty or cost of staying with respect to different opinions on the ranch. Experience shows that while it pays to act relatively instantly in some cases, holdback is necessary in other cases till the needed complete information becomes available. For illustration, the decision to gather paddy is much further imminent than a decision about buying a tractor.
📚 Farm Management
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