Environmental Studies and Disaster Management PDF (HINDI,ENGLISH,BOOK,PPT,WORD,QUIZ)
Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies description, compass and significance. Natural coffers Renewable andnon-renewable coffers, Natural coffers and associated problems.
a) timber coffers Use andover-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber birth, mining, heads and their goods on timber and ethnical people.
b) Water coffers Use andover-utilization of face and ground water, cataracts, failure, conflicts over water, heads- benefits and problems.
c) Mineral coffers Use and exploitation, environmental goods of rooting and using mineral coffers, case studies.
d) Food coffers World food problems, changes caused by husbandry and overgrazing, goods of ultramodern husbandry, toxin- fungicide problems, water logging, saltness, case studies.
e) Energy coffers Growing energy requirements, renewable and nonrenewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. Case studies.
f) Land coffers Land as a resource, land declination, man convinced landslides, soil corrosion and desertification.
• part of an individual in conservation of natural coffers.
• Equitable use of coffers for sustainable cultures.
Ecosystems Concept of an ecosystem, Structure and function of an ecosystem, Producers, consumers and decomposers, Energy inflow in the ecosystem. Ecological race, Food chains, food webs and ecological conglomerations. preface, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem
a. timber ecosystem b. Grassland ecosystem c. Desert ecosystem d. Submarine ecosystems( ponds, aqueducts, lakes, gutters, abysses, arms)
Biodiversity and its conservation- preface, description, inheritable, species & ecosystem diversity and biogeographical bracket of India. Value of biodiversity consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values. Biodiversity at global, National and original situations, India as amega-diversity nation. Hot- sports of biodiversity. pitfalls to biodiversity niche loss, coddling of wildlife, man- wildlife conflicts. Exposed and aboriginal species of India. Conservation of biodiversity In- situ andEx-situ conservation of biodiversity. Environmental Pollution description, cause, goods and control measures of a. Air pollution b. Water pollution c. Soil pollution d. Marine pollution e. Noise pollution f. Thermal pollution g. Nuclear hazards. Solid Waste Management causes, goods and control measures of civic and artificial wastes. part of an individual in forestallment of pollution.
Social Issues and the Environment From Unsustainable to Sustainable development, Urban problems related to energy, Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed operation. Environmental ethics Issues and possible results, climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone subcaste reduction, nuclear accidents and holocaust. dies. Wasteland recovery. Consumerism and waste products. Environment Protection Act. Air( Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. Water( Prevention and control of Pollution) Act. Wildlife Protection Act. Forest Conservation Act. Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation. Public mindfulness.
Human Population and the Environment population growth, variation among nations, population explosion, Family Welfare Programme. Environment and mortal health Human Rights, Value Education, HIV/ AIDS. Women and Child Welfare. part of Information Technology in Environment and mortal health.
Disaster Management - Natural Disasters Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and goods. cataracts, failure, cyclone, earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, stormy eruptions, Heat and cold swells, Climatic change global warming, Sea position rise, ozone reduction. Man Made Disasters- Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, natural disasters, erecting fire, coal fire, timber fire, oil painting fire, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, artificial waste water pollution, road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents, ocean accidents. Disaster Management- Effect to resettle natural disaster at public and global situations. International strategy for disaster reduction. Concept of disaster operation, public disaster operation frame; fiscal arrangements; part of NGOs, community – grounded associations and media. Central, state, quarter and original administration; Fortified forces in disaster response; Disaster response; Police and other associations.
“ The Environment is an important aspect of peace because When our coffers come scarce, we fight for them ” Wangari Mathai – Nobel peace prize 2004 The word terrain was deduced from the French word environner, which means to compass or encircle and literally it means surroundings. The terrain is everything around us. It includes all of the living and thenon-living effects with which we interact. And it includes a complex web of connections that connect us with one another and with the world we live in. Despite our numerous scientific and technological advances, we're hugely dependent on the terrain for air, water, food, sanctum, energy, and everything differently we need to stay alive and healthy. As a result, we're part of, and not piecemeal from, the rest of nature.
“ Environmental wisdom is defined as the study of physical, chemical and natural conditions girding the living organisms which impact them internally and externally. ” Environmental wisdom, an interdisciplinary study of how humans interact with the terrain of living andnon-living effects. It integrates information and ideas from the natural lores, similar as biology, chemistry, and geology, the social lores, similar as terrain, economics, political wisdom, and demography( the study of populations), and the humanities, including gospel and ethics( Table 1). The pretensions of environmental wisdom are to learn how nature works, how the terrain affects us, how we affect the terrain, and how to deal with environmental problems and live more sustainably. A crucial subfield of environmental wisdom is ecology, the natural wisdom that studies how organisms, or living effects, interact with their terrain and with each other.
Scope
The wisdom most near to Nature is Environmental wisdom.
This field moment’s parlance is encompassing issues of pollution, waste water treatment, solid waste operation, wildlife, study of air, water and land, global warming, climate change and so on. Provides the knowledge about ecological systems and biodiversity uproariousness
Enables one to understand the causes and consequences due to natural and man convinced disasters
Exposes the problems of over population, health, hygiene, etc. and the part of trades, wisdom and technology in barring minimizing the immoralities from the society.
Enables theoretical knowledge into practice and the multiple uses of terrain. Without scientific approach we can not understand nature and without mindfulness among the people, we can not sustain Nature.
The main part of environmental scientist is to understand the nature and its factors exclude disturbing factors which are obliging sustainability and natural living.
To identify and develop applicable and indigenouseco-friendly chops and technologies to colorful environmental issues. Teaches the citizens the need for sustainable application of coffers
Environmental wisdom provides job openings as environmental scientist, environmental mastermind, adviser , schoolteacher, critic, pollution control officer etc.
The main objects of environmental wisdom are Understanding the ecosystem performing and consequences of disquiet Familiarization with identification, source and goods of environmental pollution and their control ways and solid waste operation
Familiarization with styles of managing environmental pollution through executive measures similar as environmental regulations and environmental impact assessment Understanding the environmental programs, laws, covenants for sustaining terrain Knowledge of natural coffers and their operation for sustainability significance of Environmental Science
The study enables the people to understand the complications of the terrain and need for the people to acclimatize applicable conditioning and pursue sustainable development, which are harmonious with the terrain.
The study motivates scholars to get involved in community action, and to share in colorful environmental and operation systems.
Environmental study is a crucial instrument for bringing about the changes in the knowledge, values, actions and cultures needed to achieve sustainability and stability within and among countries
parts of Environment
parts of terrain are classified into four major orders.
1. Atmosphere 2. Hydrosphere 3. Lithosphere 4. Biosphere
Troposphere It's the air subcaste nearest to the ground. Temperature decreases with the height. The average temperature drops from 150C at ocean position to-56.5 oC at 11,000 m above ocean position. utmost of the rainfall occurs in the troposphere Between the troposphere and the stratosphere is the tropopause
Stratosphere
• It's the subcaste of air above troposphere where temperature increases with the height
• The average temperature rises to-2.5 oC at 50,000 m above ocean position
• Ozone is set up in advanced attention between 20 and 30 km above the face.
• Stratopause is the top of the stratosphere, which is a transition subcaste between stratosphere and mesosphere Mesosphere
• Mesosphere is the subcaste of air above the stratosphere where temperature decreases with height
• The average temperature diminishments to-900 C at 90,000 m
• This is the coldest subcaste of atmosphere
• Mesopause is the top of the mesosphere, which is the transition subcaste between mesosphere and thermosphere Thermosphere
• The average height of this is generally given as 11 km, but this varies over the earth.
• In tropical latitude its average height is 16 km and in polar latitude it's only 10 km.
• There's one farther zone of heating, above the mesosphere and further than 90 km from the Earth’s face, where shortwave ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by any oxygen motes present at this height. This is appertained to as thermosphere. Exosphere
• Within this subcaste, ionization occurs which produces charged ions and free electrons. Beyond the thermosphere, at a height of roughly 700 km, lies the exosphere where the atmosphere has an extremely low viscosity.
• At this position there are adding figures of ionization patches which are concentrated into bands appertained to as the Van Allen radiation belts. 4. Layers of atmosphere with temperature variation Hydrosphere
• The Hydrosphere comprises all types of water coffers abysses, swell, lakes, gutters, aqueducts, budgets, polar icecaps, glaciers, and ground water
• Water is the most abundant substance on the earth’s face.
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