Weed Management PDF (HINDI,ENGLISH,BOOK,PPT,WORD,QUIZ)

 


 Proposition 

 preface to weeds, characteristics of weeds their  dangerous and  salutary  goods on ecosystem. Bracket,  reduplication and dispersion of weeds. Pesticide bracket, conception of adjuvant, surfactant, pesticide  expression and their use. preface to mode of action of dressings and selectivity. Allelopathy and its  operation for weed  operation. Bio-herbicides and their  operation in  husbandry. Concept of pesticide admixture and  mileage in  husbandry. Pesticide  comity withagro-chemicals and their  operation. Integration of dressings with non chemical  styles of weed  operation. Herbicide Resistance and its  operation.  

Practical  

ways of weed preservation. Weed identification and their losses study. Biology of important weeds. Study of pesticide  phrasings and admixture of pesticide. Pesticide andagro-chemicals study. Shift of weed foliage study in long term  trials. Study of  styles of pesticide  operation,  scattering accoutrements . computations of pesticide boluses and weed control  effectiveness and weed  indicator.  

Tools for  forestallment  Avoid the entry of weed seeds onto the  ranch through  

• Coprolites  • Mulching material  • Intercultivation accoutrements   • creatures  • Water etc.  rather of using ordure- Use compost.  Different practices to control  • Cultural  • Mechanical  • Biological  • Chemical( organically approved)  Cultural Practices  Ameliorate crop competitiveness  • Increase crop  viscosity through narrow row  distance and increased  sowing rate.  • Use transplants, rather than seed.  • Choose competitive crop cultivars.  • Manage fertility according to crop  requirements; avoid   redundant  operation.  • Spot  operation of diseases.  Intercropping  • Having different factory types growing together enhances weed  control by  adding  shade and  adding  crop competition  with weeds through  near crop distance.  Ex  • soybean wheat  • Sugarcane cutlet millet  • Sunflower groundnut  Crop reels  • 

Weeds tend to overrun crops with  analogous life cycles 

 • Crop  reels limit the buildup of weed populations and   help major weed species.  • Altering,  hardly spaced crops with  nearly spaced crops,  shallow  embedded  with deep  confirmed crops, cold with warm season  crops.  Allelopathy  • Allelopathy crops are especially useful because they've the capability  to suppress other  shops that  essay to grow around them.  • Rye is one of the most useful allelopathic cover crops which kills  weeds like ragweed( by 43), pigweed( 95), and common  purslane( 100).  • North Carolina experimenters delved  combinations of pesticide  use and cover crop plantings on weed control and reported Rye and  clover showed the loftiest weed control without dressings.  Smother Crops  • help seeds from growing by blocking light, can smother  out some weeds.  • In northern  countries, oats are generally planted as a “  nanny   crop ” for alfalfa, clover. The oats grow between in the place of  weeds and avoid weed emergence.  • Ex Mustard as cover crop in Ragi.  honey weeding  • Burning of weeds by  honey.  • violent heat causing the cell  tire to expand and disrupt cell  walls.  •Pre-emergent, andpost-emergent  honey weeding has been  successful in a number of crops.  • Flaming has generally proved most successful on  youthful  broadleaf weeds.  • It's reportedly less successful on meadows.  parentage for Crop Competitiveness and Weed  repression  • Factory  parentage is one way to ameliorate 

weed  operation in  organic systems.  

• Development of crops with increased competitive capability and  enhanced weed suppressive  rates.  • Crop  rates that promote crop competitiveness include beforehand,   rapid-fire establishment in less favorable conditions, crop structures  that limit weed access to light and nutrients, increased factory  hardiness etc.  Bio Herbicide  Corn gluten  mess( WeedBan and Corn Weed Blocker)  • It has been used successfully on meadows and high- value crops.  •pre-emergent pesticide.  Generally grounded  ginger or bomb juice or clove  oil painting  constituents  • Collapse 23 acetic acid.  • Bioganic 10 acetic acid plus clove  oil painting and thyme  oil painting.  • MATRAN & Weed Bye Bye etc  •

post-emergent dressings.  nonentity- Pest operation in  Organic Agriculture  

• nonentity  operation presents a challenge to organic   growers.  • Insects are  largely mobile and well acclimated to  ranch   product systems and pest control tactics.  • Pest  operation needs to be measured not solely by  the effectiveness of a single  element but how well  a pest or pest complex is controlled by a set of control  measures.  5Horne, 2007)  To manage pests and  conditions effectively, directors  need to  • understand the biology and growth habits of  both pest and crop.  • former crop history, pest life cycles, soil  conditions and original rainfall patterns.  Avoidance Techniques  9  1) Crop Gyration  • Central to all sustainable  husbandry systems.  • Extremely effective way to minimize   utmost pest problems while maintaining  and enhancing soil structure and fertility.  • Diversity is the key to a successful crop gyration program.  • Different  reels are particularly effective in regulating flea  beetles, cabbage butterfly.  10  • Managing the  frequence with which a crop is grown within  a gyration maintaining the gyration's diversified  niche,  which provides  spongers and bloodsuckers of pests with  indispensable sources of food,  sanctum and  parentage  spots.  

• Crop  insulation/ gyration strategies most effective against  pests that do n't disperse over great distances and/ or that  overwinter in or near host crop fields.  Zehnder et al. 2007)  exemplifications  • Gyration with glucosinolate- containing brassicaceae can be   salutary through biofumigation  goods against soil- borne  pests and  conditions.  Kirkegaard et al. 1998)  11  2) Field Sanitation/ Crop Residue Management  

• Insects most affected by field sanitation/ crop residue   operation will be those that overwinter in crop residue  1) European  sludge borer  2) Pink bollworms  3) Sugarcane borers  exemplifications  • In alfalfa seed fields the alfalfa factory bug is controlled by burning  crop  remainders in late fall or early spring.  • Field sanitation is an effective  preventative measure in fruit cover   operation  Singh, 2008) ) Seed Quality  • High- quality  nonentity free healthy seed and seedling  • Seed analysis by a seed testing laboratory  • Planting physically sound seed is also important. In crops  similar  as flax, rye and  beats, a crack in the seed fleece may serve as an  entry point for soil- bornemicro-organisms that rot the seed  once it's planted.  exemplifications  Seed  bitterness nematode in wheat( Anguina tritici)  Tomato root knot nematode  

📚 Weed Management PDF

📚 Weed Management PDF

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