Pests of crops and stored grains and their management
Scientific name, order, family, distribution, identification, host range and nature of damage, biology and bionomics, and operation of important arthropod pests.
Polyphagous nonentity pests Locust, grasshopper, whitegrub, termite and red hairy caterpillar.
Pests of field crops Rice Brown factory hopper, unheroic stem borer, rice hispa. Sorghum Shootfly; Maize Stem borer;
Sugarcane Pyrilla, whitefly, shoot borer. beats Gram cover borer, cutworm.
Tobacco Tobacco caterpillar.
Oilseeds Mustard aphid, sawfly, painted bug, groundnut aphid, soybean belt beetle, castor semilooper, castor capsule borer, sesame splint and capsule borer.
Cotton Jassid, whitefly, spotted and pink bollworm, red cotton bug.
Pests of vegetables
Brinjal- brinjal shoot and fruit borer;
Tomato- Fruit borer( Covered in gram);
Okra- Shoot and fruit borer( Covered in cotton).
Potato Tuber moth. Chilli Thrips;
Onion and garlic Thrips. Cruciferous vegetables
Cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, semilooper, tobacco caterpillar( Covered in tobacco). Pea Stem cover.
Cucurbitaceous vegetables Melon fruit cover, red pumpkin beetle, red vegetable mite.
Pests of fruit crops
Mango Mango hopper, lurid bug, stem borer, fruit cover; Guava Fruit fly. Citrus Citrus psylla, citrus caterpillar, dinghy eating caterpillar.
Pomegranate Anar butterfly; Ber Fruit fly. Coconut Black headed caterpillar; Apple San Jose scale, woolly aphid.
Pests of cosmetic crops
Rose aphid, hollyhock pigmented bug, jasmine budworm. Pests of spices and seasonings Aphid, seed midge.
Pests of stored grains
Khapra beetle, lower grain borer, rice weevil, red rust flour beetle, palpitation beetle, Angoumois grain moth, grain mite, Storage structures and styles of grain storehouse. Principles of stored grain pest operation. Rodents and their operation in fields and godowns. catcalls of agrarian significance and their operation.
PESTS OF RICE
1. Thrips Stenchaetothrips biformis, Thripidae Thysanoptera Alternate host Echinochloa sp. Distribution Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam.
Symptoms of damage
Both nymphs and grown-ups amputate the tender leaves and stink the factory tire, causing unheroic( or) argentine stripes on the leaves of youthful seedlings. Terminal rolling and drying of leaves from tip to base is the typical symptom of attack. It causes damage both in nursery and mainfield. ETL 60 Nos./ 12 passes of table tennis club- nursery
operation
Nursery slice wet down your win with water and pass over the leafage in 12 places in the nursery.However, If thrips population exceeds 60 figures in 12 passes or if rolling of 1/2 area of first and 2nd leaves in 10 of seedlings is noticed.Spray Monocrotophos 36 SL 40 ml
Main field Spray any one of the following insectcides Azadirachtin 0.15 W/ W 1500- 2500 g/ ha Thiamethoxam 25 WG 100 g/ ha Grow resistant cultivars like PTB 12, PTB 20, PT 321, H 4 .
Green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens, Cicadellidae Hemiptera
Symptoms of damage
Both nymphs and grown-ups desap the leaves and beget “ hopper burn ” due to heavy infestation. Yellowing of leaves from tip to down is the typical symptom of this pest. It acts as a vector for the conditions viz., Rice tungro contagion, rice unheroic dwarf, transmitory yellowing and other contagions. Bionomics Grown-ups are green with black spot and black patch on bodies. The enceinte inserts the eggs in midrib of splint blade. Each egg mass contains 8- 16 eggs and a womanish lays 200- 300 eggs. The egg period is 6- 7 days. Nymphs suffer five instars and come adult in 25 days. The adult lives for about 20- 30 days. The population typically increases from August onwards, reaches outside during September- October and declines from November. ETL 60 Nos./ 25 broad – nursery 10 Nos./ hill- Flowering stage 5 Nos./ hill- Vegetative stage 2 Nos./ hill- Tungro aboriginal area
operation
Nursery slice Take 25 net sweepings in the nursery area.However, If the population exceeds 60 for 25 sweepings or 20/ m2 by factual counting.Spray any one of the following germicides Phosalone 35 EC 120 ml Maintain 2.5 cm of water in the nursery and broadcast anyone of the following in 20 cents Carbofuran 3 G 3.5 kg
Mainfield
• Use resistant kinds like IR 20, IR 50, CR 1009, Co 46, PTB 2, PTB 18
• Apply any germicides doubly, 15 and 30 days after broadcasting Profenophos 50 EC 1000 ml/ ha Carbofuran 3 G 17.5 kg/ ha Carbosulfan 25 EC800-1000 ml/ ha Fipronil 5 SC 1000- 1500 g/ ha Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 100-125 ml/ ha Thiamethoxam 25 WG 100 g/ ha
• The foliage on the bunds should also be scattered with the germicides
• Set up light traps to attract and control the leafhopper vectors as well as to cover the population.
• Kill the leafhoppers attracted to light trap by scattering any one of the germicides every morning.
3. Brown factory leafhopper Nilaparvata lugens, Delphacidae Hemiptera Distribution Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab.
Symptoms of damage
Nymphs and grown-ups congregate at the base of the factory above the water position and stink the tire from the farmers. The affected factory dries up and gives a scorched appearance called “ hopper burn ”. indirect patches of drying and lodging of progressed factory are typical symptoms caused by this pest. It's vector of grassy trick, ragged trick and wilted trick conditions. Bionomics The brown factory hopper has a brown body and groaner brown eyes. Adult measures about 4- 4.5 mm in length. It can fly a long distance drifting with the wind. Grown-ups are of two forms viz., Macropterous( long soared) and brachypterous( short soared). The womanish makes an gash in the splint jacket and inserts 200- 300 small eggs. Egg period-6 days; Nymphal period- 15 days. Adult life is 18- 20 days. ETL 1 No./ cultivator, 2 Nos./ cultivator if spider is present at 1 No./ hill
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